Deltoid Intramuscular Injection and Obesity Essay

Deltoid Intramuscular Injection and Obesity Presentation  â â â â â â â â â â According the World Health Organizations and Centers for Disease Control and avoidance in United States, around one â€third of grown-ups are viewed as stout. This has raised the no of intramuscular infusions with inexact pace of 16 billion every year. In spite of complex abilities in regulating, IM infusions into deltoid muscle for overseeing the immunization is best thought of. IM infusions is infusion in which the needle punctures the muscle in any event by 5mm, Zayback (2007).This has raised an extraordinary worry to the wellbeing area whether the standard needle of 25-38 mm utilized, can store the prescription to the muscle of stout person. Throughout the previous six years, this has pushed specialists to address the issue of IM needle length in stoutness. Further, the examination based its discoveries arrived at resolution 1.5 inches needle is the best instead of 1-inch needle. Further, it was found that there is no usually acknowledged strat egy if IM infusion for an individual with high BMI (Plotkin, 2008). Suggestion on administration and the executives  â â â â â â â â â â The method for controlling the immunization by utilization of IM infusions in hefty people has not been a simple go to the initiative and the board of medicinal services in United States. With expanded number of patients, the instances of ineptitude of immunization causing a reaction(reactogenicity),wrong antibody infusion methods and off base needle length utilized for IM infusion in large people has been of significant concern. As per World Health Organization, the worries have been related to patient’s inconveniences and expanded instances of dangers. It is along these lines basic to the authority of clinical careful attendants locate a suitable answer for the above raised concerns.  â â â â â â â â â â Also as indicated by WHO (2009), organization of IM infusion has for since quite a while ago been an intricate test .Perhaps it has been discovered that the attendants when giving IM infusions, use strategies that are minimal progressively ceremonial strategy yet dependent on custom ,which is passed starting with one medical attendant then onto the next, age to another. It is in extraordinary concern it has been routed to the administration and the authority .This is on the grounds that the aptitudes not just requires expertise in controlling needle and syringe, yet in addition information in choosing the proper needle, syringe type and suitable area of the infusion ( Coco man and Murray 2008).  â â â â â â â â â â Following this, convenient response from the executives and initiative of social insurance in U.S is of incredible substance. This is on the grounds that off-base IM infusion procedure and mistaken needle length can result to complexities such, as are muscle fibrosis, boil, gangrene, nerve injury and contracture. On the opposite side, risky infusion strategy may bring about a significant number of contaminations, for example, HIV (6-8) and hepatitis B and C. As indicated by Cocoman and Murray (2008), Detroid IM infusion has come about to changeless inability and now and again to legitimate activities because of improper infusion strategies. In extra, this has issues to social insurance the board in conferring appropriate information to its medical attendants regardless of proceeded with iatrogenic inconveniences. Ramifications of issues for nursing practice  â â â â â â â â â â Based from the inquiries, concerns, measurements and issues raised, there has been expanded attention to the nurses’ and other medicinal services experts complete the suitable methods of intramuscular infusions, fitting immunization and distinguishing proof of proper needle length for infusion in hefty patients.  â â â â â â â â â â Following the impacts of infusing immunization into the subcutaneous tissue, complexities, for example, granulomas and abscesses, infusing the antibody into the deltoid muscle was more suggested .Further (Walters and Furyk, 2010) portrays that albeit Obese patients despite everything get the infusions into subcutaneous tissue there are more damage. This is on the grounds that there is more slow pace of retention and prescription productivity can be undermined, coming about to antibody disappointment.  â â â â â â â â â â In deciding the right needle length, for as long as six years the exploration dependent on issues of intramuscular needle â€length in heftiness started. An examination by Zaybak and associates (2007) was directed to gauge SCT in ventrogluteal and dorsogluteal destinations to decide the ideal infusions. In deciding the ideal infusion for IM infusions, Weight was the key factor to the examination whereby the BMI for very stout was more noteworthy than 35, for hefty 30-30.5 and for overweight the BIM extended 25 - 29.9 in grown-ups. Following the exploration, 16mm long needle in young people under 60kg is suggested. It is worthy for those grown-ups gauging 60-70 kg when utilizing straightened method or bundle. Be that as it may, it was concurred 1.5 inches needle to use as standard in Detroid IM infusion of antibody in hefty patients. To the subject of normal strategy for Detroid IM infusion, it was found that there is no ordinarily acknowledged tech nique for IM infusion for an individual with high BMI. Fortifying of nursing practice  â â â â â â â â â â From above audit, there are numerous disparities in the act of IM organization. There is on the grounds that there is no standard technique for detroid IM infusion and needle length as. This has additionally made holes in nursing instruction just as the nursing practice (Cook, 2006).There is consequently need to apply the above at present proof â€based research rule to blend the training and the nursing instruction in United states. References Cook, I.F., Williamson, M., and Pond, D. (2006).Definition of needle length required for intramuscular deltoid infusion in elderlyadults: A ultrasonographic study.Voccine, 24(7), 937-940. Cocoman, An., and Murray, J. (2008). Intramuscularinjections: A survey of bestpractice for mental liealtii nurses.Journalof Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing,/5(5), 424-434. Zaybak.A., Gà ¼nes,Y.,Tamsel, S., Khorshid, L, &Eser, I. (2007). Does corpulence forestall theneedle from arriving at muscle in intramuscular infusions? diary ofAdvanced Nursing, 58(6), 552-556 Plotkin, S., Orenstein, W, and Offit, P (2008).Vaccines (5* ed.). Philadelphia: SaundersElsevier. Source report

Discussing incentives to conserve marine biodiversity conservation Essay

Examining motivators to monitor marine biodiversity preservation inside the system of polluted open products - Essay Example Note that their advantages can be influenced when the legislature chooses not to offer the protection. (Maxwell) Ordinarilly, an externality is the impact of a financial movement felt by those not straightforwardly engaged with the monetary action. Positive externalities are regularly portrayed as overflow impacts to recommend their belongings are felt by shoppers who were not legitimately planned by their makers. The tainted open products such marine biodiversity and other natural courtesies are not to be provided secretly on the grounds that the supplier can't catch the advantages and hence nobody can be avoided, so free riding is conceivable. Obviously, a few parts of marine bear the attributes of an open decent. Marine adds to worldwide biodiversity and upgrades the prosperity of most of individuals. (Bulte) Commonly, nobody has the suitable motivating force to give marine living space or in any case secure marine as they can't catch the full advantages from the required speculations. Market disappointment happens in light of the fact that the measure of an open decent is underprovided, and in this way peripheral social advantages surpass minimal social expenses. For this situation, a greater amount of the open great ought to be given, however it is imminent just if society sponsors a private provider, or gives it freely. (Bulte) Then again, negative externalities that incorporate the administration guidelines force costs on society that reach out past the expense of creation as initially expected by the maker. A maker of a negative externality who doesn't need to stress over its full expense is probably going to deliver an extreme unsafe measure of the product.Ordinarilly, guidelines and fines may hinder the creation of negative externalities. However, the impacts of guideline might be restricted under conditions, for example, where negative externalities are so inescapable they support free riding mentalities, where negative externalities are so unavoidable their makers could

Blog Archive Monday Morning Essay Tip Enliven Your Writing by Using Active Voice

Blog Archive Monday Morning Essay Tip Enliven Your Writing by Using Active Voice Many writers use the passive voice in their essays, yet the  best  writers know it should be used only rarely, if ever. The passive voice puts the verb in the wrong place in the sentence, thereby removing the “action.” Subjects become  acted upon  rather than  performing  actions. Sentences with the passive voice  typically  include  verb phrases like “was” or “has been” (e.g., “it was determined,” “the project has been completed”). Consider this example of the passive voice: “The marathon was run despite my injury.” In this sentence, the verb (or action) is diminished because the writer says the marathon “was run.” A better way of describing the same activity is to use the active voice, as illustrated in this example: “I ran the marathon despite my injury.” Here are two more examples: Passive:  â€œThe contract was awarded to us.” Active:  â€œWe won the contract.” Passive:  â€œIt was decided that I would be in charge of the project.” Active:  â€œMy boss selected me to be in charge of the project.” Rememberâ€"you are at the center of  your essays! The best way to tell your stories and explain your accomplishments is by making sure that you are the catalyst of the stories you tell. Use the active voice to ensure that the admissions committees see you as an active person who makes things happen. Share ThisTweet Monday Morning Essay Tips

Speech to Persuade for Travel - 9677 Words

104 Responses to â€Å"The Four Day Work Week† 1. AVS says: July 28th, 2009 at 2:33 pm Agree with this but why stick to a 40 hour work week? Reduce it to 35 hours. 2. david says: July 28th, 2009 at 2:33 pm In the short term the staggered week does not improve building energy efficiency. In the long term it could be substantially better, because you build based on the 80% of people that are there on any given workweek, rather than for the full workforce. Smaller buildings = less energy use, in addition to the fewer resources used to put the building up in the first place. 3. Drew Miller says: July 28th, 2009 at 2:34 pm Why not just stagger the workweeks on a building-by-building basis, so you†¦show more content†¦Particularly if that ‘play’ involves drugs, sex, and discussing Foucault over pork chops in a coffeehouse. As the late great president of Tanzania, real socialism doesn’t involve more free time and less work. That’s hipster (fake) so cialism, a pale substitute for the real thing. Real socialism involves hard labor and shared sacrifice. It is a creed for tough men and tough women, not for hipster cosmopolites. 13. Hector says: July 28th, 2009 at 2:56 pm Re: As usual, the hipster’s answer to everything is â€Å"More work, and less play†. Sorry, correct that. Real Christians and real Socialists believe in More Work, and Less Play. Hipsters believe in Less Work, and More Play. 14. Drew says: July 28th, 2009 at 2:56 pm Before I labeled the change from a 10-hour workday to an 8-hour workday â€Å"relatively painless,† I’d ask the workers effected by the change whether they found it to be â€Å"relatively painless.† It may be the same number of hours per week, but the physical and mental stress of a 10-hour day may be disproportionately larger than that of an 8-hour day. In my experience, that’s definitely been the case. 15. Adam says: July 28th, 2009 at 2:57 pm They serve pork chops in coffeehouses, Hector? Pork chops are practically the state meat where I’m from and I’ve never seen that. But your knowledge of hipster culture is far moreShow MoreRelatedSpeech to Persuade for Travel Essay1143 Words   |  5 Pagesall of you said that you planned to travel someday. So, why not do it sooner than later? One of the reasons for not traveling that many of you put is not having time because of school or work. Also, one of your major concerns is budgeting. Between budgets and busy schedules, it is not always easy to set aside time and plan a getaway. PROPOSITON Getting away, even for a short period, can do wonders for your well being, so you really cannot afford to not travel. BODY (TRANSITION: First, I willRead MorePersuasive Speech : Benefits Of Taking A Gap Year868 Words   |  4 PagesAlondra Aviles Gallegos Persuasive Speech Gap Year Introduction I. Attention Getter A. Do you ever think about all the years you have spent in school, and about the years waiting for you to graduate? B. It can be pretty frustrating for those people who are struggling with grades, or for those whose careers take FOREVER to complete. II. Establish Credibility A. After doing extensive research, I found an interesting, fun, and adventurous way to get rid of all the stress caused by school. III. RelateRead MoreRhetorical Analysis Of I Am By Assata Shakur960 Words   |  4 Pagestime, on how there is racial bias and injustice. By applying a wide range of rhetorical devices, Shakur uses her position as a Black Liberation Army leader to motivate African Americans to fight for the Black Power Movement. As Shakur begins her speech, she introduces pathos into her writing. By addressing her audience as â€Å"brothers† and â€Å"sisters†, Shakur sees every African American as a family member, as someone she sees related to blood (1). The usage demonstrates that Shakur values each AfricanRead MoreRhetorical Analysis Of Address At Brandenburg Gate1589 Words   |  7 PagesPresident Reagan’s speech regarding the Berlin wall entitled â€Å"Address at Brandenburg Gate† delivered on June 12th, 1987, Reagan takes the position as the rhetor with the sole purpose of convincing the city of Berlin to unite and get rid of the wall separating the city in two. The wall is described by Reagan multiple times and is described to be both a physical and non-physical wall. Most of the city is separated by the physical wall and those that aren’t are heavily guarded and prevent travel to the otherRead MoreMrs. Dalloway By William Woolf798 Words   |  4 Pages Virginia Woolf opens her novel with a statement in reported speech: â€Å"Mrs Dalloway said she would buy the flowers herself† (3). Clarissa then makes a list of reasons behind this decision, concluding it with a surge of elation at the day ahead of her: â€Å"And then, thought Clarissa Dalloway, what a morning – fresh as if issued to children on a beach† (3). This unspoken exclamation announces her engaging stroll through the streets of London. Flowers are, of course, a mere excuse to enjoy the sunlit morning:Read MoreThe War After The Japanese Attack On Pearl Harbor1469 Words   |  6 Pagesgovernment. Thus, nations needed to remain strong and tenacious in their efforts to support allies and defend against enemies. An effective method of doing so was through the wide use of propaganda. Through movies, animations, and formal and broadcasted speech, the United States used influential pieces of propaganda to not only motivate people for war, but to also manipulate their perception of it. Previously known as a childish form of entertainment, the world of animation broadened its target audienceRead MoreThe Day Is Most Exciting Time Of Everyone s Life1683 Words   |  7 PagesGraduation day is most exciting time in everyone’s life. Students feel accomplished, proud and motivated to secure a good career ahead. George Saunders in his commencement speech congratulates young graduates on their success. But he also questions them about being successful as a human being. When young we re anxious-understandably-to find out what it takes. Can we succeed? Can we build a viable life for ourselves?(Saunders 31).Saunder is concerned that young people will be so much focused onRead MoreThe Progression Of Satan In John Miltons Paradise Lost1319 Words   |  6 Pagesreligious written works. Even after being defeated, Satan is not deterred from his desire to fight against God, and Heaven. Satan would go on to let out a speech to the Fallen Angels. He really is his Legion of Fallen Angels, and persuades them that this fight is not over in this scene, Satan is almost represented as if he is an underdog. The speech is moving, and even includes slightly manipulated quotes from other epic works. Again, this is something that seems fitting for someone the reader wouldRead MoreThe Great Emancipator And A Tough Political Opponent Versus Andrew Jackson1316 Words   |  6 Pagesof life. Despite his powerful position, he lost the electoral college s presidential vote by a large margin, 219-49 (Courier). In Clay’s speech â€Å"On Native Americans,† where he addresses his plans of Indian removal west of the Mississippi, he uses ethos, logos, and others opinions to take a stand against Native Americans. Historical Background/Purpose of Speech Earlier serving a lawyer in the western United States, or â€Å"frontier,† Clay never had much of a plan for a career in politics. He was bornRead MoreShould Space Be Commercialized?1393 Words   |  6 PagesTopic: Should Space be commercialized General Purpose: To persuade Specific Purpose: To persuade my audience to have a negative opinion on the commercialization of space. Thesis: We should consider the negative reasons of space commercialization before making space travel routine. Introduction I. Attention getting device: To get your guys’ attention I have some really recent news concerning the future of space. The European Space Agency just landed a research probe on a comet 300 million miles away

Carnivorous Plants

Carnivorous plants are plants that capture, kill, and digest animal organisms. Like all plants, carnivorous plants are capable of photosynthesis. Since they usually live in areas where the soil quality is poor, they must supplement their diet with nutrients gained from digesting animals. Like other flowering plants, carnivorous plants use tricks to entice insects. These plants have developed specialized leaves that work to lure and then trap unsuspecting insects. Key Takeaways Carnivorous plants are plants that have the ability to eat animal organisms. These highly specialized plants are able to both lure and trap insects.The Venus flytrap (Dionaea muscipula) is the most well known of the carnivorous plants. They live in wet areas such as bogs and swamps.Sundews are covered in tentacles. Their tentacles make a sticky dew-like substance that attracts insects.Bladderworts are plants that dont have roots and are often found in aquatic areas and in areas with wet soil. They capture insects via a trapdoor.Other examples of carnivorous plants include tropical pitcher plants and North American pitcher plants. There are several genera of carnivorous plants and hundreds of carnivorous plant species. Here are some of my favorite genera of carnivorous plants: Flytraps - Dionaea muscipula Dionaea muscipula, also known as the Venus flytrap, is probably the most well known of the carnivorous plants. Insects are lured into the mouth-like leaves by nectar. Once an insect enters the trap it touches tiny hairs on the leaves. This sends impulses through the plant triggering the leaves to close. Glands located in the leaves release enzymes that digest the prey and the nutrients are absorbed by the leaves. Flies, ants, and other bugs are not the only animals that the flytrap may snare. Frogs and other small vertebrates may sometimes become trapped by the plant as well. Venus flytraps live in wet, nutrient-poor environments, such as bogs, wet savannas, and swamps. Sundews - Drosera Sundew feeding on a green lacewing. Reinhard Dirscherl/WaterFrame/Getty Images Plus Species of plants from the genus Drosera are called Sundews. These plants live in wet biomes, including marshes, bogs, and swamps. Sundews are covered with tentacles that produce a sticky dew-like substance that glitters in the sunlight. Insects and other small creatures are attracted to the dew and become stuck when they land on the leaves. The tentacles then close around the insects and digestive enzymes break down the prey. Sundews typically capture flies, mosquitoes, moths, and spiders. Tropical Pitchers - Nepenthes Plant species from the genus Nepenthes are known as Tropical Pitcher plants or Monkey Cups. These plants are typically found in the tropical forests of Southeast Asia. The leaves of pitcher plants are brightly colored and shaped like pitchers. Insects are lured to the plant by the bright colors and nectar. The inside walls of the leaves are covered with waxy scales that make them very slippery. Insects may slip and fall to the bottom of the pitcher where the plant secretes digestive fluids. Large pitcher plants have been known to trap small frogs, snakes, and even birds. North American Pitchers - Sarracenia Species from the genus Sarracenia are called North American Pitcher plants. These plants inhabit grassy marshes, swamps, and other wetlands. The leaves of Sarracenia plants are also shaped like pitchers. Insects are lured to the plant by nectar and may slip from the edge of the leaves and fall to the bottom of the pitcher. In some species, the insects die when they drown in water that has accumulated at the bottom of the pitcher. They are then digested by enzymes that are released into the water. Bladderworts - Utricularia Utricularia australis (bladderwort). Paul Starosta/Corbis Documentary/Getty Images Plus Species of Utricularia are known as Bladderworts. The name comes from the tiny sacs, which resemble bladders, that are located on the stems and leaves. Bladderworts are rootless plants found in aquatic areas and in wet soil. These plants have a trapdoor mechanism for capturing prey. The sacs have a small membrane cover that acts as a door. Their oval shape creates a vacuum that sucks in tiny insects when they trigger hairs that are located around the door. Digestive enzymes are then released inside the sacs to digest the prey. Bladderworts consume aquatic invertebrates, water fleas, insect larvae, and even small fish. More About Carnivorous Plants For more information about carnivorous plants, take a look at the Carnivorous Plant Database and The Carnivorous Plant FAQ. Sources Reece, Jane B., and Neil A. Campbell. Campbell Biology. Benjamin Cummings, 2011.

Essay on Did Religion Impact American History - 561 Words

Evidence throughout American history, confirms religion has significantly contributed to the evolution of our culture. Multiple events have contributed, including politics, people and weather. Politics and people are widely impacted by religion. Religion is the primary cause of most wars in countries across the world. Many historians believe America was formed on the basis of religion. In this research paper, I will illustrate the impact religion had on American History to 1877. Specifically, it will examine: 1) Major events impacting traditional religious beliefs in America, 2) Religious disputes which impacted land development, and 3) The impact religion had on slavery. Religion is closely tied to events like the Protestant†¦show more content†¦(Wadsworth - Cengage Learning, 2013) In the mid 1600’s, Puritan pastors began preaching a different sermon. It was based on the teachings of the biblical prophet, Jeremiah, and known as the jeremiad. An intense change in the church led to the creation of the Half-Way Covenant. It erased the segregation between the converted and non-converted members of society. Many believe this arrangement diluted the religious values of the church because it intermingled the sinners with the saved. (Cengage Learning , 2013) The path of religious decline inspired the creation of a dark culture of witchcraft in Europe. It was an unintended consequence of the war between France and American colonies. Significant turmoil remained as a result of the war. It destroyed American regions and drove refugees into Salem Village in Massachusetts Bay. Salem’s first ordained minister, Reverend Samuel Parris, was greedy and devious. Villagers openly voiced concern, stating the turmoil in their region was inspired by the devil. In attempt to combat the evil, a group of young girls in Salem, Massachusettes claimed to be bewitched by older women from New England. A â€Å"witch hunt† ensued, seeking to find the â€Å"possessed†. Thousands of witches were lynched because of their affiliation with witchcraft. (Cohen, 2013) In 1692, the Salem Witch Trials were held in Salem Village. Local officials interrogated women over their affiliation with witchcraft. Most ofShow MoreRelatedThe Green Revolution : What Positive And Negative Consequences Did It Have?877 Words   |  4 PagesDanielle Novak Dr. David Ruffley History 112 December 13, 2014 Final Exam What was the â€Å"Green Revolution†? What positive and negative consequences did it have? (150 words) The Green Revolution was a development and research project that improved technology in agriculture starting from the 1940’s. This had the largest impact on the food production in developing countries. The improvement increased yield in crops. In turn, this would have also increased farming income. It also implemented two to threeRead MoreSocial, Cultural, And Cultural Groups1148 Words   |  5 PagesHistory is said to give various groups of people a sense of identity. There are many topics in early American history that have had a great importance and impact on different social, racial, and cultural groups . The events that took place from the first century to the beginning of the 1800’s helped shape and build a foundation for the multifarious ways of life we have in the United States of America. Throughout the semester, I was able to learn more about my identity and where the background ofRead MoreThe Legacy Of The Civil War1556 Words   |  7 PagesReligion along w ith race today impacts America in people’s daily lives, viewpoints, and relationships. In American history, religion has made a significant impact. When race joined in, the impact led to shaping America’s political development. Mark A. Noll’s God and Race in American Politics, reveals the profound role of religion in American political history and in American discourse on race. Noll argues that race has been among the most influential elements in American political history, religionRead MoreThe Supreme Court On The American Public School System Essay1702 Words   |  7 Pagesthis particular instance, the Supreme Court ruled in favor of religion and schools, this new definition of the First Amendment would go on to be used against religion in the American public school system for years to come until it would be almost entirely eradicated from public schools today. While many scholars have written on this case and have taken a stand on whether or not the interpre tation is poor or good, they all agree on the impact that it had on Supreme Court decision’s moving forward. TheRead MoreWilliam Warren V. Warren Court1496 Words   |  6 PagesDistinctive within American history, the duration in which Earl Warren served as Chief Justice of the United States Supreme Court (1953 to 1969) witnessed a vigorous court fearless to challenge controversial issues. Changing the way Americans today perceive their relationship with their government, an activist court did much to expand the rights of the individual and the power of the federal government to enforce civil rights legislation. Not since then has the Supreme Court generated so muchRead MoreThe Rise to Respectability: Race, Religion, and the Church of God in Christ, by Calvin White, Jr.1100 Words   |  5 PagesThe Rise to Respectability: Race, Religion, and the Church of God in Christ, by Calvin White, Jr. Fayetteville: The University of Arkansas Press, 2012. 239 Pages. The Rise to Respectability demonstrates great knowledge about the African American religious life during the late nineteenth century in the south, specifically Mississippi, Tennessee, and Arkansas, to the early twentieth century. Calvin White documents the advancement of the Holiness movement by providing information about the origin andRead MoreWhat Factors During The Colonial Period Essay1636 Words   |  7 PagesESSAY QUESTION: What factors during the colonial period led to American colonists declaring independence from the British Empire? Be sure to discuss the economic, political, and cultural aspects of the American Revolution. PROVISIONAL HYPOTHESIS: The structure of America revolution to address a various issue, which has great impact on America It, was the procedure where the thirteen colonies of North America became independent of Great Britain also then formed a new integrated government. The majorRead MoreThe William T. Travis Building in Austin, Texas1365 Words   |  6 PagesMost people don’t know where it is. Most people have never seen it. Most people have never even heard of it. Despite this, the William B. Travis Building in Austin, Texas is where American history is made. Correction, this is where the events and memories of the present and near past get wedged into America’s long-term cultural memory or slip into oblivion. Since Texas buys or distributes 48 million textbooks annually, educational publishers tailor their products to fit the standards adopted by theRead MoreEducation, Land Tenure, And Their Religion1521 Words   |  7 PagesThere are many aspects which changed most in the lives of South Dakota’s Native American Population from the pre-contact era to the present. The three aspects that will be discussed in this paper will be education, land tenure, and their religion/spirituality. The first aspect that will be addressed is education. Indian children and Indian people did not necessarily have an â€Å"education†. They learned the ways and religion of their people. This was mainly all the people needed to know. Allotment createdRead MoreSecond Great Awakening954 Words   |  4 Pages â€Å"IN WHAT WAYS DID THE SECOND GREAT AWAKENING INFLUENCE AMERICAN SOCIETY AND CULTURE?† In the thirty year span between 1830 and 1860, the Second Great Awakening did much to change the modern American mind by sparking the abolitionist movement, empowering women (in their domestic sphere) and forming the cult of domesticity, partially fixing the corrupt government through the temperance movement, and in the creation of many utopian societies by radical religious populations. Puritanism was kicked

I like nonsense, it wakes up the brain cells. Fan Essay Example For Students

I like nonsense, it wakes up the brain cells. Fan Essay tasy is a necessary ingredient in living, its a way of looking at life through the wrong end of a telescope. Which is what I do, and that enables you to laugh at lifes realities.Dr. SeussTheodor Seuss Geisel was born in Springfield Massachusetts in 1904. He went to Dartmouth College and Oxford University as an English Literature student. He started writing for the Jacko Lantern the Dartmouth College humor magazine, and gain much notoriety by writing with Judge magazine after that (www.cyber-seuss.com).He worked as a cartoonist for almost a decade and then, in 1937, he wrote and illustrated his first childrens book, And to Think That I Saw It on Mulberry Street. The following is from a page I found on the Internet:Long before the Obsks would make a casual appearance in If I Ran the Zoo their own story would be told. This story comes from Teds life around the time he left Standard Oil in the 30s while the depression still held America in its grips. It was a 4 page illustrated novelette that was never published, and the text went like this. A flock of ObsksFrom down in NobsksHiked up to BobsksTo look for JobsksThen back to NobsksWith sighs and Sobsks There were, in Bobsks,No jobs for Obsks. Dr. Seuss was a genius, who did not only write his books for children. Many of his books have morals that he was trying to get through to the adult who was reading the book, and at the same time instill them in the child as they grow. And to Think That I Saw It on Mulberry Street is an example of this type of book with morals for both adult and child. It is the story of a boy whose imagination is too strong for his fathers liking. The boy is afraid to go home and tell his father what he thinks he saw on Mulberry Street, in fear of what his father will say about the outrageous things that happened. Seuss was trying to show how adults can stifle and kill a childs imagination without even knowing they are doing it. (http://www.afn.org/`afn15301/drseuss.html)Dr. Seusss first book was an instant success and soon after came the books The Kings Stilts (1939) and Horton Hatches the Egg (1940). During World War II, Geisel wrote films for the war effort. One of these films, entitled Design for Death, a documentary about the Japanese people, won him an Academy Award in 1947. For several decades following Ted Geisel wrote many more childrens books, 40 books in all. They include favorites as How the Grinch Stole Christmas, the first grade reader The Cat in the Hat, and Green Eggs and Ham. The Lorax, written in 1971, focused on environmental concerns such as air and water pollution, and land waste. In 1984, he wrote The Butter Battle which revolved around nuclear war. It seems that Ted Geisel was asked by a Dartmouth college classmate to come to Chicago for a visit, and being promised a third honorary degree as a filip, Ted and his wife Helen went, only to find out that he was scheduled to be the speaker at the commencement ceremonies. He only had a short time to put together a speech, which lasted only 75 seconds, and was titled My Uncle Terwilliger on the Art of Eating Popovers. My uncle ordered popoversfrom the restaurants bill of fare. And when there were served,he regarded themwith a penetrating stare Then he spoke great Words of Wisdomas he sat there in that chair!To eat these things,Said my uncle,You must exercise great care. .ub86020f871e7ccb229bb3b7fb6fb2c93 , .ub86020f871e7ccb229bb3b7fb6fb2c93 .postImageUrl , .ub86020f871e7ccb229bb3b7fb6fb2c93 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ub86020f871e7ccb229bb3b7fb6fb2c93 , .ub86020f871e7ccb229bb3b7fb6fb2c93:hover , .ub86020f871e7ccb229bb3b7fb6fb2c93:visited , .ub86020f871e7ccb229bb3b7fb6fb2c93:active { border:0!important; } .ub86020f871e7ccb229bb3b7fb6fb2c93 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ub86020f871e7ccb229bb3b7fb6fb2c93 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ub86020f871e7ccb229bb3b7fb6fb2c93:active , .ub86020f871e7ccb229bb3b7fb6fb2c93:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ub86020f871e7ccb229bb3b7fb6fb2c93 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ub86020f871e7ccb229bb3b7fb6fb2c93 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ub86020f871e7ccb229bb3b7fb6fb2c93 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ub86020f871e7ccb229bb3b7fb6fb2c93 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ub86020f871e7ccb229bb3b7fb6fb2c93:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ub86020f871e7ccb229bb3b7fb6fb2c93 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ub86020f871e7ccb229bb3b7fb6fb2c93 .ub86020f871e7ccb229bb3b7fb6fb2c93-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ub86020f871e7ccb229bb3b7fb6fb2c93:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Ulysses EssayYou may swallow down what solid BUT You must spit out the air!And As you partake of the worlds bill of fare,Thats darned good advice to follow. Do a lot of spitting out the hot airAnd be careful what you swallow.

Euthanasia Essays - Euthanasia, Medical Ethics, Disability Rights

Euthanasia Euthanasia, which means "good" or "peaceful" death, has been practiced through the ages. Doctors have always been dedicated to the task of easing pain and suffering, to make dying easier. Adding the adjective "active" alters the meaning of euthanasia. The emphasis shifts from comforting the dying to inducing death. The practice of voluntary euthanasia and assisted suicide would cause society to devalue all life, especially the lives of the dying, the disabled, and the elderly. We should not understate the agonies involved in chronic pain and suffering. Nobody wants to see a loved one suffer or make the decisions that accompany medical science's ability to prolong life. The same technology that keeps people alive today raise a host of questions concerning the nature and destiny of man himself. Comforting the dying is still preferable to assisting in their death. There are many reasons why, but the main one has to do with how much we value human life. God views all human life as sacred. He created us in his own image (Genesis 1:26,27), and it is he who has determined our days on earth (Job 14:5). God confirms his great love for his people, a love that does not cease when we are old or ill. His command that we not kill one another does not change when we are brain damaged or comatose. Our society, however, teaches certain classes of people that they are not wanted. If a physician's aid in dying were to become a standard part of terminal care, there is always that possibility that patients might feel the need to request death out of fear of becoming a burden to their families. The right to die could be interpreted by a patient as the duty to die. Chronically ill or dying patients may be pressured to choose euthanasia to spare their families financial or emotional strain. Joan Farah states in the New England Journal of Medicine that the elderly are often cited as being vulnerable. If Euthanasia becomes the law of the land, how long will it take before the elderly and sick begin to feel an obligation to get out of the way? There are many complicated ethical and medical issues involved in the discussion of euthanasia. The decisions that family members must make are often as painful as the conditions of their loved ones. Sometimes the families react with wisdom and compassion. However, under stress human beings can make the wrong decisions. In an attempt to avoid such risk we dare not enact legislature that will allow murder simply to make decisions easier. Opponents contend that legalized euthanasia would force medical professionals and patients' families to judge the worth of others' lives. Once a vulnerable group is denied a basic right to life, it is only a matter of time until other groups are placed in the same category. We have accepted the killing of unborn children, allowed children born with severe handicaps to die, and have ignored "mercy killing" of consenting adults. Will we tolerate or accept euthanasia just as we do abortion? There are no easy answers when a loved one faces death. Scientists must continue to seek answers and cures. Active euthanasia does not provide answers: it only tries to avoid the hardest questions. Thomas Beauchamp, a bioethicist of Georgetown University has written, rules against killing "are not isolated moral principles," but "pieces of a web of rules" that forms a moral code. "The more threads one removes the weaker the fabric becomes." Allowing ourselves the liberty of choosing the time and place of death will not lessen our sense of loss. It can only erode the wonder of human life and the worth of each individual. Wekesser, Carol, ed. Euthanasia: Opposing Viewpoints. San Diego: Greenhaven Press, 1995.

Persuasive Essay on Gun Control

Persuasive Essay on Gun Control Persuasive Essay on Gun Control English teachers encourage students to look for controversial issues in society on which to base a persuasive essay. The reason is that the teacher wants a topic that can be easily debated on either side of the issue and that brings forth strong emotions from both sides. The purpose is to help students organize and express ideas in a clear and coherent manner. One such controversial issue is gun control. One side of the argument is that the policies for owning and using guns should be stricter. One who holds such a position might argue as follows: It is very unfortunate that people are losing their loved ones due to the misuse of guns. While guns should be used to enhance security of people in a society, the same guns have been using in perpetuating crimes that have worsened the security status of many countries. In order to eradicate the issue of insecurity, guns should be used only when necessary. In this case there is a need to put in place policies that will ensure that gun use is properly controlled. In addition to this example are suggestions below on how to write a persuasive essay on gun control. Suggestions on How to Write a Persuasive Essay on Gun Control: First, determine what your position is on gun control. Next, plan the major arguments in support of your position. Be sure to offer explanations, facts and statistics, as well as examples. You can even include anecdotal material. Do not forget the â€Å"so what† factor. In other words, make certain to get the reader to see why it is important to that individual’s personal life. Secondly, when preparing a persuasive essay on gun control, the writer should explain the reason why guns are in the hands of the people. Constitutional rights can be discussed as to the original intent and modern interpretation of those rights. In addition, the writer can point out reasons why people should respect the sanctity of life and the right of every human being to be alive, regardless of ones stance on regulations involving gun control. Next, the writer can help the reader to explore whether everyone should have a right to own and operate a gun. For example, should criminals be permitted to own and use a fire arm? What about individuals with mental health issues? While every person is entitled to security, not all people should be issued guns. This is the reason why governments put into place stringent measures for applying for and purchasing weapons. Additionally, the writer can remind the reader that cooperation between civilians and the police is important in following the due process for acquiring guns. Regulations and the need for regulations can be explored in this context. Preparing a persuasive essay on gun control is not as easy as one may think. Emotions run high. On one hand is the need to protect oneself and even ones country. Furthermore, some individuals use weapons for sport, such as range shooting or hunting. However, there are safety issues where someone acts out anger or frustration by pulling a gun and shooting the other person. In addition to that are issues with criminals. Some say that guns should be better monitored to keep them out of the hands of those who would harm society, while others argue that those who break the law will obtain guns anyway. However, regardless of what side of the issue you choose to support, you will need to make your position clear and your arguments strong. Moreover, you will need to convey your ideas in a clear and compelling manner. Feel free to succeed in persuasive essay writing with !

Creative manager Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Creative manager - Essay Example Several financial institutions are most affected by the crisis, of which HSBC Bank is one. This paper would present pertinent issues resulting to the breakdown of the financial markets of the world and propose strategies to enable HSBC to achieve its organizational goals by: (1) briefly explaining the factors that brought about the breakdown of the global financial markets (2) determining the possible effects on the operations of HSBC in UK utilizing SWOT analyses; and (3) presenting the strategies that HSBC should adopt to achieve her vision and restore public confidence HSBC Bank has been operating in England and Wales at the registered office located at 8 Canada Square, London E14 5HQ. It offers a diverse portfolio of financial instruments including savings and current accounts, investment accounts, credit cards, loans, mortgages, insurance and international services. It supports a wide range of education projects and initiatives throughout the communities where they do business. In addition, â€Å"HSBC supports a wide range of projects and initiatives that underline their commitment to UK businesses.† (HSBC 2009) The management of HSBC promotes diversity and equality of opportunities through programs where they establish partnerships with other business organizations. Accordingly, â€Å"representatives of HSBC Bank plc can provide advice on investment and pension products from selected providers, including companies within the HSBC Group, and on life insurance products from HSBC Life (UK) Limited.† (ibid.) Jarvis (2009) gives a concise and easy to understand presentation of the credit crisis in his video The Crisis of Credit Visualized. According to Jarvis, â€Å"the credit crisis is a world wide financial fiasco involving terms you probably heard such as: sub-prime mortgages, collateralized debt obligations, frozen credit markets and credit default swaps

W3D 590 perceive people Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

W3D 590 perceive people - Essay Example These aspects may render one perceive or view people positively or negatively. They affect the way one senses certain information before showing any impression. Therefore, there are several factors that commonly incite the way we perceive people. The first one is the mood state experienced by a person (Smith, 2013). Moods affects strongly on the way we perceive someone. We are able to think properly or make a positive impression of others when we are happy compared with times when we are depressed. When in undesirable mood, we are most probably going to evaluate others unfavorably than when in a positive mood state. An interviewer will make a good recommendation about a job applicant when his or her mood state is welcoming. The second factor is the attitude of the perceiver towards someone being perceived. The attitude that we have towards others affects the impressions we make on others. For example, if a male interviewer has a negative attitude on female that they are not capable to handle the job given, then his perception of a female job applicant will automatically be affected (Chris & Peter, 2014). The third one is the interests we have. Our attention, focus mostly appears to be affected by our interests which differ from one individual to the other. What one notices in situation may differ from what the other perceives. Before the interviewer makes any impressions, he or she will consider his or her interest in the job applicant. Self-concept is another factor that affects our thinking over others.Picking up traits in others will depend on our self-concept, one with a positive self-concept will always have positive attributes of others (Collela et al, 2010). Motive also affects the way we perceive. The interviewer who has an ill motive of a job applicant with better papers than him, he feels unsecured of his position. Fearing that the applicant might take his position will affect his perception. Another factor is knowledge,

A Review On Alcoholic Detection From EEG Signals

A Review On Alcoholic Detection From EEG Signals Abstract: This review covers advances of the past decade, in the development of EEG signal processing algorithms for alcoholic detection. In recent years, various computational approaches have been proposed to detect alcoholism from EEG recordings. In this paper, we review some of those approaches, and discuss their limitations and potential In part I, an introduction to the effect of alcohol on EEG is discussed briefly. We review some of the known effects of alcohol on EEG signal in part II. Some of the exiting state of the art signal processing techniques for alcoholic detection in EEG recordings are discussed in part III. A review of various signal processing methods used to classify alcoholics and controls is done. The potential and limitation of such computational approaches are discussed in part IV. A discussion on the potential use of EEG as a biomarker for alcoholism and as a mass screening tool is also discussed .At the end of the paper, we conclude by briefly addressing the future challenges and open problems in part V. PART I Introduction Alcoholism is a social bane that is affecting the human life in all aspects. Not only it causes damage to the human brain and other organs of the body in various ways, it also brings about a lot of difficulties and discomfort to an alcoholic person in his/her social life. A lot of research has gone into finding the ill effects and the extent to which it damages the human body. Some of the harmful effects include lack of coordination between body and mind, loss of vision, imbalance in walking, incoherent speech, memory slips, depression to name a few. These effects can be observed after only a few drinks and they may vanish once the person gives up drinking. However a person who is addicted to drinking large quantities of alcohol for a long time may be affected with these effects that persist for a longer time and severely damage one or more organs of the body. The way in which alcohol affects the brain and the probable reversal of the ill effects caused by heavy drinking on the brain still remain as hot topics in alcohol research [1]. Some of the factors that determine the extent to which alcohol affects the brain are: i) quantity and how frequently a person drinks ii) the age of the subject at which the habit of drinking started and how long it is being continued iii) subjects age, education, gender, genetic predisposition and family history of alcoholism iv) possibility of prenatal exposure and the overall health condition[47]. Heavy drinking not only affects the human brain but it also damages other vital organs of the body. It is also found that females are more affected than males in the way the alcohol consumption damages the various organs of the body. For example, a few years of heavy drinking in women cause cirrhosis [48] cardiomyopathy [49] and nerve damage [50] than in alcoholic men. However, the studies on sensitivity of females brain to alcohol-induced brain damage as compared with males, have not shown any conclusive results [1]. Alcohol intake combined with poor general health condition or with severe liver disease causes damage to the human brain in an indirect manner. For example, thiamine deficiency is common in people with alcoholism which is a result of poor overall nutrition [1].  A large percentage of alcoholics suffer from thiamine deficiency and some may even develop severe brain disorders such as [51] Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome (WKS) [52]. The symptoms of WKS include mental confusi on, oculomotor disturbances and difficulty with muscle coordination, forgetfulness and frustration and have difficulty with walking and coordination [53] . One of the organs that severely gets affected by long term alcohol consumption in large quantities is the liver. In a person with a history of heavy long-term drinking, the liver s function is to breakdown alcohol into harmless by-products and flush them out of the body. However, the liver may get damaged due to excessive alcohol intake, leading to liver cirrhosis. This condition of the liver can harm the brain, leading to a potentially fatal brain disorder called hepatic encephalopathy [54].Some of the effects of Hepatic encephalopathy are disturbances in sleep patterns, mood swings, personality changes, anxiety, depression, attention deficits, difficulty in coordination like shaking of the hands ( asterixis). In the worst case, patients may slip into coma ( hepatic coma), which can lead to death. It is indeed difficult to diagnose these effects as related to hepatic encephalopathy. New imaging techniques assist researchers to study specific regions of brain in such patients, which helps them in knowing exactly how hepatic encephalopathy progresses. The studies have confirmed that at least two toxic substances, ammonia and manganese are responsible for the development of hepatic encephalopathy. The severely damaged liver cells allow these harmful toxic products to enter the brain, which in turn harms the brain cells. Alcohol consumption during pregnancy may lead to physical, learning, and behavioural problems in the developing fetal brain. The most serious of these problems is the fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS). Children with FAS may have distinct facial features [1]. FAS infants growth may be lesser than average. They may suffer from microcephaly. In infants with this syndrome, only a fewer neurons may be present or a fewer neurons may function properly. This will lead to problems in learning and behaviour for a long term. All alcoholics do not experience the ill effects of alcohol consumption in a similar manner to the same extent. The source of the disease may be different for different patients. This makes it difficult to pinpoint any one parameter as responsible for the brain disorders found in alcoholics. That is why, one of the active areas of research is to study why some patients are vulnerable to brain deficits while others are not [55]. Most alcoholics suffering from cognitive disorder improve in the structure and functioning of the brain within a year of abstinence [56-58].This may not be true in all cases. Therefore clinicians must devise different types of treatment methods to cater to different patients. They use brain-imaging techniques to determine the course and progress of treatment over a period of time. Researchers use imaging methods such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), positron emission tomography (PET), and electrophysiological brain mapping. These methods provide precise and accurate information on structural, functional and biochemical changes in patients brain over time. Sometimes, two or more brain imaging methods are used together to correlate the results and monitor when a chronic alcoholic patient stops drinking and again after long periods of sobriety ,the possibility of relapse of the drinking habit in the patient [59]. The process of memorization and retrieval depend on factors such as attention and motivation [60]. MRI of brain assist the physicians to study the effects of long time abstinence from alcohol on memory and attention, as well as changes that take place when drinking habit relapses. The aim of these studies is to differentiate between the alcohol-induced permanent effects on the brain and those which are reversible with abstinence. PET imaging assists researchers to visualize, in the living brain, the damages associated with heavy alcohol consumption [61]. This also enables scientists to analyse alcohols effects on neurotransmitter systems, brain cell metabolism and blood flow within the brain. These studies on alcoholics have shown the frontal lobe disorders, which are responsible for various functions associated with learning and memory and deficits in cerebellum which controls movement and coordination. PET can also be used for monitoring the effects of alcoholism treatment on the a ffected parts of the brain and may give new directions in developing medications to rectify the chemical deficits found in the brains of people with alcohol dependence. Numerous studies have shown the ill effects of alcohol on the human brain by observing and analysing the electroencephalogram (EEG) of the alcoholic subject and compared with that of a control subject. Electroencephalography (EEG) is a simple non invasive tool that records the brains electrical signals by placing electrodes on the scalp. These signals show real-time activity as it occurs in the brain. Many studies have shown that the effect of alcohol on the human brain can be perceived by processing the recording the EEG of an alcoholic subject. The single channel EEG recordings of a control and an alcoholic subject are as shown in fig 1.It can be observed that the time series EEG data of both control and alcoholic subjects are not clearly perceptible to the bare human eye. However, with the help of certain signal processing techniques either in the time domain or frequency domain or time-frequency domain or spatial domain techniques, the latent features can be extracted to identify the effects of alcohol on the human brain. As an illustration, the PSDs of the EEG of both control and alcoholic subject are as shown in fig2. From this it is very clear that the power contained in various frequency components are different for both control and alcoholic subjects. C:UsersMUDocumentsMATLABeeg_epilep_codestime_series_data.jpg C:UsersMUDocumentsMATLABeeg_epilep_codespsd_c_a.jpg Fig 1.Time series EEG data of control Fig2. PSD plot of EEG of control and alcoholic subjects and alcoholic subjects Many alcoholic men have low amplitude of their P3 components (fig 3). P3 amplitudes in alcoholic women reduce to a lesser extent than in men. The uniqueness of the reduction in P3 component among other symptoms is that even after the patient drops the habit of drinking alcohol, this reduction in P3 persists[63].Therefore this parameter can be thought of as a biomarker for alcohol dependence rather than an effect of alcohol consumption. There are many studies conducted on the reduced P3 amplitudes of young people who are not exposed to alcohol but their fathers being alcoholics [64, 65].Therefore, P3 can be used as biomarkers to help recognizing people who may be at greatest risk for developing problems with alcohol. graph Fig 3 . P3 amplitude in control and alcoholic subjects (Courtesy:[1]) Compared to other imaging methods discussed above, electrophysiological methods such as EEG processing for detection of alcoholics has a lot to offer in terms of mobility and cost involved. Hence it can be used as a mass screening tool for the underprivileged with a history of alcoholism. PART II Effect of Alcohol on EEG recordings Studies have shown that some of the major effects of alcohol on EEG are: i) enlargement of frontal negative occipital wave component ii) increase in ventricular and sulcal CSF volumes iii) Reduction in p300 component iv)Reduction in pre frontal cortical excitability v)Reduction in the amplitude of Error related negativity vi) Binge drinking effect on ÃŽ ´ and fast ÃŽ ²waves vii) Reduction in the power of EEG signal in frontal region and enhancement of ÃŽ ¸ waves . viii) high ÃŽ ² and ÃŽ ¸ power in the resting EEG, abnormalities in eye movements, in saccadic inhibition during antisaccade tasks. These effects, however, are not always easily detectable. There tends to be a large variability from patient to patient. As a result, none of these phenomena allow at present to reliably detect the effect of alcohol at an early stage. Many recent studies have concentrated on how to improve the sensitivity of EEG for detecting alcoholism. In the following we briefly review some of these studies. A. Enlargement of frontal negative occipittal wave component Way back in 1990, Jerald Varner et al., reported a study of alcoholic organic syndrome patients using the occipital wave components of the event related potential (ERP) as an electrophysiological parameter [3]. The study was conducted on normal, Korsakoff, and alcoholic dementia patients. The frontal negative occipital wave was observed to be increased in alcoholic organic brain syndrome patients and it was concluded that it was probably due to an attention deficit, indicating a probable frontal lobe dysfunction. B. Increase in ventricular and sulcal CSF volumes Adolf Pfefferbaum et al., [4] quantified brain cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) volumes derived from computed tomography (CT) in alcoholics and controls. The results showed that the ventricular and sulcal CSF volumes in alcoholic patients were greater than was expected for their age. This also proved the previous results obtained from a similar study using CT and MRI showing greater vulnerability of the aging brain to alcohol. The absolute ventricular volumes were similar in MRI and CT, while MRI results showed larger sulcal volume estimates than the CT. It was concluded that MRI slice thickness and its resolution to partial volume effects led to this increase in sulcal volume estimate. C. Reduction in p300 component Shirley Y. Hill et al., studied the effect of alcohol on the p300 component [9] .According to this study , it was found that only patients(female) with comorbid depression had a reduced p300 amplitude ,while there was no difference in other alcoholic and control subjects(male and female) . From this study, it was also concluded that the P300 amplitude reduction seen in children prone to developing alcoholism seems to represent a delay in neuron development that normalizes as they grow into adulthood. In another similar study, Michio Hada et al., used bootstrap analysis method in which P3a current source density (CSD) maps showed distinct topographic mapping between alcoholics and control subjects in all the brain regions [10]. More sources and sinks were seen in the alcoholics than in the control subjects for P3a. The reduced P3a amplitude and sinks in alcoholics coupled with less specificity in their CSD maps, suggested disorganized less efficient functioning of the brain. This suggests a probable underlying CNS hyper excitability in alcoholics due to cortical disinhibition . D. Reduction in pre frontal cortical excitability Seppo Kahkonen et al. [13], reported the effects of alcohol on the prefrontal cortex in nine healthy subjects using transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) activated electroencephalogram (EEG) signals. Changes in EEG activity lasting up to 270 ms post stimulus were observed as a response to activation by TMS. The changes were observed more prominently at anterior electrodes suggesting the reduction in excitability in the prefrontal cortex due to alcohol. E. Reduction in the amplitude of Error related negativity A study by Clay B Holroyd et al., indicated that alcohol consumption reduces the amplitude of the error-related negativity (ERN)[14] component of the event related potential(ERP), a sharp negative going signal that occurs in the EEG at the instant when an incorrect motor response starts ( ie.,error commission). F. Binge drinking effect on ÃŽ ´ and fast ÃŽ ² waves Kelley E Courtney et al. evaluated the spectral power in the ÃŽ ´ and fast ÃŽ ² waves of EEG recordings of young undergraduate university students who varied in their binge drinking history [18].The aim of the study was to characterize the effects of binge drinking on central nervous system(CNS) neuroelectric activity in male and female undergraduate subjects. The EEG recordings of these subjects showed enhanced spectral power in the ÃŽ ´ (0-4 Hz) and fast- ÃŽ ² (20-35 Hz) bands for the high-binge drinkers. Although the dependence of fast- ÃŽ ² power on binge drinking still remains unclear, the change in fast- ÃŽ ² power indicates that EEG spectral pattern of high-binge drinkers is similar to that of alcoholics. This study indicated that the relative enhancement in fast- ÃŽ ² power may be used as a biomarker for potential future alcoholism even in the absence of familial alcoholism. G.Effect on ÃŽ ²,ÃŽ ¸ ,ÃŽ ³ waves ,eye movement disorders and saccadic inhibition Wu Di et al., discussed the change in the power of EEG signal in various parts of the brain after consuming alcohol , resulting in harmful effects on different parts of the brain and the body[19]. It was observed that while in the frontal region the power of the EEG signal decreased with the increase in the quantity of alcohol intake, the power of the EEG signal in central, occipital region increased. This study also revealed that while in the frontal region, the alcohol intake caused a transformation in the fast wave with decrease in the power of EEG signal, the fast wave reduced with an increase in the power of EEG signal in the central and occipital region. It was also observed that while the effect of alcohol in the frontal region indicated nerve stimulation of alcohol in this part, making drinkers to become excited after alcohol intake, in the central and occipital region, the effect of alcohol consumption led to an inhibitory action on the neuron cells, resulting in the weakeni ng of the body coordination and eyesight. Further it was noted that increase in alcohol intake resulted in ÃŽ ¸ waves generation and gradual enhancement as the subjects were in state of drowsiness and the central nervous system(CNS) of the subjects was inhibited. At the same time, ÃŽ ± and ÃŽ ² waves were seen to gradually enhance and the region of these waves expanded after consuming alcohol. The study also indicated that the correlation between parts of brain decreased gradually because the clustering of the EEG signal was separated gradually into small clusters with increased alcohol intake. From this observation, it was concluded that too much drinking may lead to the decrease of balance, stability between the parts of the brain. S. Campanella et al., [41], studied various physiological parameters such as continuous EEG, oculomotor measures, cognitive ERPs and event-related oscillations that are affected in chronic alcoholic patients compared to healthy controls. This study was aimed at identifying links between these physiological parameters, altered cognitive processes and specific clinical symptoms. The result of their study showed:(1) high beta and theta power in the resting EEG, suggesting hyperarousal of CNS (2) abnormalities in smooth pursuit eye movements, in saccadic inhibition during antisaccade tasks, and in prepulse inhibition, suggesting disturbed attention and abnormal prefrontal inhibitory cortical dysfunction; (3) decreased amplitude for cognitive ERPs situated along the continuum of information processing, suggesting that alcoholism is associated with neurophysiological deficits at the level of the sensory cortex and not only disturbances involving associative cortices and limbic structures; and (4) decreased theta, gamma and delta oscillations, suggesting cognitive disinhibition at a functional level. Ajayan Padmanabhapillai et al.,[71] investigated the early evoked gamma band response in male adolescents at high risk and at low risk groups for a visual stimulus. The results indicate that the deficient early evoked gamma band response may indicate the risk of development of alcoholism and could be a potential bio marker for future addiction to alcoholism. David A. Kareken et al., [72] used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to determine how family history affects the brains response to subjects preferred alcoholic drink odours (AO) as compared to appetitive control odours (ApCO). This study suggested that a family history of alcoholism and brain exposure to alcohol odour in heavy drinkers differentially affect the way in which brain responds to alcohol cues. H.Whole-genome association study on EEG waves Variation in resting EEG is associated with common, complex psychiatric diseases such as alcoholism, schizophrenia and anxiety disorders although it can not be used as a diagnostic tool for any of them. Such traits appear to be dependent on the underlying molecular processes than on clinical symptoms, and points to an alternative method for the identification of genetic variation that characterize complex psychiatric disorders. Colin A. Hodgkinsona et al.,[39], performed a whole-genome association study on alpha (ÃŽ ±), beta (ÃŽ ²), and theta (ÃŽ ¸) EEG power in a Native American cohort of 322 individuals to maintain the genetic and environmental homogeneity of this population. Three genes SGIP1, ST6GALNAC3 and UGDH were nominally associated to variability of ÃŽ ¸ or ÃŽ ± power. SGIP1 was estimated to account for 8.8 % of variance in ÃŽ ¸ power and this association was replicated in US Caucasians, where it accounted for 3.5% of the variance. Bayesian analysis of prior probability of association based upon earlier linkage to chromosome 1 and enrichment for vesicle-related transport proteins established the genuineness of the association of SGIP1 with ÃŽ ¸ power. It was also found that the association of SGIP1 with alcoholism provides validation of the use of EEG as an endo phenotype for alcoholism. I.Effect of alcohol on facilitation effect The aim of this study by P. Maurage et al., [32], was to study cross modal (auditory-visual) processing while the subjects were given an emotional stimuli and specifically the auditory-visual facilitation effect. Twenty patients suffering from alcoholism, and 20 healthy controls were asked to identify the emotion (anger or happiness) displayed by auditory, visual or auditory-visual stimuli. The stimuli were designed to elicit a facilitation effect (namely, faster reaction times (RTs) for crossmodal condition than for unimodal ones).It was observed that the alcoholics showed less significant facilitation effect compared to their healthy counterparts.This lack of facilitation effect may be used as a biomarker for an impaired auditory-visual processing in alcoholics. PART III I. Signal processing techniques for detection of alcoholism in EEG signal The Electroencephalogram (EEG) is a bio signal containing information about the state of the brain. The latent information present in the EEG signal may not be visible for the human expert and any subtle variations hence cannot be observed and monitored as and when it occurs. Especially in the time series EEG data, subtle variations can not be perceived by human eye. In such a situation the computational approach becomes very important to extract any such micro variations in the EEG recording, containing significant information about the status of any pathology present. Also, since EEG is an inexpensive method and due to its portability, it can be used as a powerful mass screening tool. EEG signals are the signatures of neural activities. They are captured by multiple-electrode either invasively or non-invasively, over the cortex under the skull, or certain locations over the scalp, and can be recorded in different formats. The signals are normally presented in the time domain, but by applying simple signal processing tools such as the Fourier transform to perform frequency analysis and some imaging tools to visualize EEG topographies , the brain activities can be visualized in frequency or spatial domains respectively. Various time domain, frequency domain, time-frequency methods, statistical signal processing technique such as Wavelet transform [5], Recurrent Neural network [6], nonlinear systems [7], logistic regression [8], spectral densities of DWT coefficients [16], etc., and chaotic signal processing techniques [2] are used to study the pathology of brain such as epilepsy. These techniques are also used to classify between alcoholic, non-alcoholic and epilept ic subjects. In recent years, several research groups have started investigating the potential of electroencephalograms (EEGs) for detecting alcoholism and study the short term and long term effects on the brain. There have been many algorithms developed so far for processing EEG signals. Some of the operations include time-domain analysis, frequency-domain analysis, spatial-domain analysis, and multiway processing. Also, several algorithms have been developed to visualize the brain activity from images reconstructed from only the EEGs. Separation of the desired sources from the multisensor EEGs has been another research area. This can later lead to the detection of brain abnormalities such as epilepsy and the sources related to various physical and mental activities. In this section, some of the signal processing techniques applied to EEG signal for the detection of alcoholism is reviewed. A. Extraction of spectral band power and parametric methods Ong, Kok Mang et al, have shown that VEP (visually evoked potential) could be influenced by long term alcohol abuse [20]. The power spectral density of the recorded VEP was estimated using Burg algorithm (parametric analysis) and the extracted Gamma band power was used as features to train the neural network to classify the alcoholics and non-alcoholics. The authors claim that classification result of 97.50% accuracy has been achieved, to discriminate alcoholics from non-alcoholics.Kok-Meng Ong et al., have proposed Principal Component Analysis (PCA) method for the optimization of the selection of a subset of channels for single trial Visual Evoked Potentials (VEP) signals [23]. The proposed method was successful in optimizing a subset of channels that guaruntees high classification accuracy of alcoholics and non-alcoholics Another similar study by Ramaswamy Palaniappan et al., show that the difference of VEP signals between alcoholics and non-alcoholics can be observed using two spectral power ratios in gamma band (37-50 Hz) extracted from seven channels. This result implies that gamma band spectral power could be used as a biomarker on the lasting effects of long-term use of alcohol on visual response though the studied alcoholics have been abstinent for a minimum period of 1 month. Here Genetic algorithm (GA) is used to optimize the selection of subset of the feature set and classification is done with Fuzzy ARTMAP (FA) classifier [11], using VEP signals. The seven spectral bands of VEP signals are extracted using infinite impulse response (IIR) band-pass filters with constant gain and uniform bandwidth. Spectral power in these bands is calculated using Parsevals theorem and used as features to train the FA and ML-BP classifiers. The proposed technique discriminates alcoholics from non-alcoholics wit h high accuracy. In continuation of the previous work, Ramaswamy Palaniappan et al., in their work have derived second order autoregressive (AR) coefficients [21] to discriminate alcoholics using single trial gamma band Visual Evoked Potential (VEP) signals using 3 different classifiers: Simplified Fuzzy ARTMAP (SFA) neural network (NN), Multilayer-perceptron-back propagation (MLP-BP) NN and Linear Discriminant (LD) function . Here elliptic filtering was used in the gamma band spectral range on single trial VEP signals. The average classification errors of 2.6%, 2.8% and 11.9% were obtained from LD, MLP-BP and SFA classifiers. The high accuracy of LD classification results show the effectiveness of the proposed method to discriminate between alcoholic subjects and controls. Several improvements were proposed to previous work of automated classification of alcoholics and non-alcoholics [24] by the same author. In the previous paper, MLP-NN classifying energy of gamma band VEP signals gave the best cla ssification performance using 800 VEP signals from 10 alcoholics and 10 non-alcoholics. Here, the dataset was extended to include 3560 VEP signals from 102 subjects: 62 alcoholics and 40 non-alcoholic. The classification performance was improved by i) increasing the gamma band spectral range ii) Multiple Signal Classification algorithm was used to obtain the power of the dominant frequency in gamma band VEP signals for feature extraction iii) the use of the k nearest neighbour classifier. The performance was validated by a 10-fold cross validation classification. Modification resulted in an improvement in the classification percentage from 94.49% to 98.71% in maximum averaged CVC accuracy. In this paper by Ramaswamy Palaniappan [30], a method is proposed to discriminate chronic alcoholic from non-alcoholic subjects while the subjects were sober. Energies of EEG signals in multiple gamma bands were used as features while the subjects were asked to do a picture recognition task .A neural network was used for classifying chronic alcoholic subjects from controls. Leave one out cross validation strategy revealed that alcoholics could be discriminated from non-alcoholics with accuracy of 94.55%. This study shows that the energy in gamma band spectral energy can be used as a biomarker for screening of alcoholics. The classification of chronic alcoholics from non-alcoholics using the EEG is studied in this paper by A Shahina et al., [27].Weighted Linear Prediction Cepstral Coefficients were extracted from the VEP and used as discriminating feature vectors. Auto associative neural network was used to classify these vectors into alcoholics and non alcoholics. A recognition accuracy of 52.5% is achieved. This shows that all the 64 channels do not have the same discriminatory attributes causing a reduction in the accuracy levels. Hence the authors conclude that in order to improve the classification performance, there is a need for the optimization of the number of channels to be considered for classification. In this study by Tugce Balli et al., [31], they investigated the electrophysiological differences between alcoholic and control subjects using two different approaches namely complexity and energy analysis. The EEG data used in this study were recorded from 77 alcoholic and 44 control subjects while the subjects were performing delayed matching to sample object recognition task for three types of stimuli. The experimental paradigm evokes object recognition, visual short-term memory and decision making abilities. The results indicated that all regions (i.e. frontal, central, temporal, parietal and occipital) in the brain exhibit more complexity and less energy for alcoholic subjects as compared to controls. When different visual stimuli pairs were compared among alcoholic and control subjects, the results from energy analysis showed group wise differences in occipital and parietal regions. These results provide a strong indication on the impairment in brains electrophysiological activ ity for alcoholic subjects due to a history of long term alcohol abuse. Chronic alcoholism is classically associated with major deficits in the visual and auditory processing of emotions. However, the cross modal (auditory-visual) processing of emotional stimuli, which occurs most frequently in everyday life, has not yet been explored.

Provoking Revenge In Hamlet Essay example -- essays research papers

Storming into the palace and throwing accusations at Claudius, Laertes reveals he is impulsive. Laertes anger is due to the dishonor that has been inflicted on his family by Polonius’s murder. Claudius takes advantage of the sudden appearance of Laertes, by provoking Laertes into assisting him in plotting Hamlet’s murder. Shakespeare uses Laertes not only as a catalyst in the story, but as a contrast to the pensive Hamlet. Both men seek the same kind of justice but chose different paths to attain it. Laertes acts on anger without thinking, but Hamlet waits, debating the consequence of committing murder. Laertes function is to contrast Hamlet’s sensibility with his incensed spontaneity.Claudius manipulates to his advantage Laertes lack of hesitation and hot temper. Winning Laertes support by painting Hamlet as a malicious killer Claudius provokes Laertes to avenge Polonius. Claudius gives Laertes initiative to kill Hamlet saying for Hamlet’s "death no wind of blame shall breathe"(227) on the killer. Laertes is eager to "be the organ"(227) that aids Claudius in killing Hamlet, but to make sure Laertes is not "a face without a heart"(231) Claudius questions Laertes love for his father. This is Laertes breaking point. Laertes wants immediate action so that his "revenge will come"(225), not thinking of the consequence. His ability to ignore what will result from his revenge contrasts Hamlet’s turmoil over killing Claudius.Because Hamlet... Provoking Revenge In Hamlet Essay example -- essays research papers Storming into the palace and throwing accusations at Claudius, Laertes reveals he is impulsive. Laertes anger is due to the dishonor that has been inflicted on his family by Polonius’s murder. Claudius takes advantage of the sudden appearance of Laertes, by provoking Laertes into assisting him in plotting Hamlet’s murder. Shakespeare uses Laertes not only as a catalyst in the story, but as a contrast to the pensive Hamlet. Both men seek the same kind of justice but chose different paths to attain it. Laertes acts on anger without thinking, but Hamlet waits, debating the consequence of committing murder. Laertes function is to contrast Hamlet’s sensibility with his incensed spontaneity.Claudius manipulates to his advantage Laertes lack of hesitation and hot temper. Winning Laertes support by painting Hamlet as a malicious killer Claudius provokes Laertes to avenge Polonius. Claudius gives Laertes initiative to kill Hamlet saying for Hamlet’s "death no wind of blame shall breathe"(227) on the killer. Laertes is eager to "be the organ"(227) that aids Claudius in killing Hamlet, but to make sure Laertes is not "a face without a heart"(231) Claudius questions Laertes love for his father. This is Laertes breaking point. Laertes wants immediate action so that his "revenge will come"(225), not thinking of the consequence. His ability to ignore what will result from his revenge contrasts Hamlet’s turmoil over killing Claudius.Because Hamlet...

A Dolls House, Drama Analysis, Realism and Naturalism Essay

Nora Helmer frolics about in the first act, behaves desperately in the second, and gains a stark sense of reality during the finale of Henrik Ibsen’s A Doll’s House. Ibsen was one of a few pioneers of the new theatrical movement of realism, and accordingly he is often called the father of modern drama. The character of Nora lives in a dream world, a childlike fantasy, where everything is perfect, and everything makes sense, but as the play develops, Nora transforms and finds the strength to leave her home and her children in order to find out who she is and what she wants out of life. Nora leaves the role of the doll child and doll wife and becomes an independent self-thinking adult. She realizes that the world is different than she always thought it was, and that she herself is also different. The play opens a door onto the social problems that many face but never speak of. Since Ibsen’s time, women have made great strides in gaining the choice to determine thei r role in relation to the family and society. A Doll’s House uses the character of Nora Helmer to show the transformation that takes place from dependent house wife to independent adult. The theme of A Doll’s House, a woman’s right to individual self-fulfillment, was considered highly subversive in an age when women were not allowed to conduct business without the authority of a father or husband. Wives and daughters were considered to be property, thus lending to women acting childish and naive. The character of Nora exhibits many of these juvenile and immature qualities. The audience first sees her when she returns from a seemingly extravagant Christmas shopping excursion. She eats a few desserts which she has secretly purchased. When her condescending husband, Torvald Helmer, asks if she has been sneaking macaroons, she denies it whole-heartedly. The Narrator tells us, â€Å"She takes a bag of macaroons out of her pocket and eats one or two; then she walks stealthily across and listens at her husbandâ₠¬â„¢s door† (Ibsen 1681). With this minor act of deception, the audience learns that Nora is quite capable of lying. She is most child-like when she interacts with her husband. She behaves playfully yet obediently in his presence, always coaxing favors from him instead of communicating as equals. Torvald gently reprimands Nora throughout the play, and Nora good-naturedly responds to his criticism showing how immature and dependent she is. However, Nora has been leading a double life. She has not been thoughtlessly spending their money. Rather she has been scrimping and saving to pay off a secret debt. Years ago, when her husband became ill, Nora forged her father’s signature to receive a loan to save Torvald’s life. The fact that she never told Torvald about this arrangement reveals several aspects of her character. For one, the audience no longer sees Nora as the sheltered, care-free wife of a banker. She knows what it means to struggle and take risks. In addition, the act of concealing the ill -gotten loan signifies Nora’s independent streak as stated in the line, â€Å"Daddy never gave us a penny. I was the one who raised the money† (Ibsen 1688). She is proud of the sacrifice she has made. Although she says nothing to Torvald, she brags about her actions with her old friend Mrs. Linde. Basically, she believes that her husband would undergo just as many hardships, if not more, for her sake. However, her perception of her husband’s devotion is quite misplaced. Nora is evolving and is showing an independent side to her personality. When the disgruntled Krogstad threatens to reveal the truth about her forgery, Nora realizes that she has potentially brought scandal upon her husband’s good name. She begins to question her own morality, something she has never done before. Did she do something wrong? Was it not the right thing to do, under the circumstances? Will the courts convict her? Is she an improper wife? Is she a terrible mother? Nora contemplates suicide as a means to eliminate the dishonor she has wrought upon her family. She seems to lose all grasp of reality as she declares, â€Å"Never, never. Oh, that bla ck icy water. Oh, that bottomless†¦! If only it were all over! He’s got it now. Now he’s reading it† (Ibsen 1727). Yet, it remains debatable as to whether or not she would truly follow through and jump in the icy river. During the climactic scene in Act III, Nora seems to stall before running out into the night to end her life. Nora is frantic and changing into an adult by confronting the inevitable future that faces her. She realizes that it is always darkest before the dawn. Nora’s epiphany occurs when the truth is finally revealed. As Torvald unleashes his disgust towards Nora and her crime of forgery, the protagonist realizes that her husband is a very different person than she once believed. Torvald declairs, â€Å"I’m done for, a miserable failure, and it’s all the fault of a feather-brained woman† (Ibsen 1727). Torvald has no intention of taking the blame for Nora’s crime. She thought for certain that he would selflessly give up everything for her. When he fails to do this, she accepts the fact that their marriage has been an illusion. Their false devotio n has been merely play acting. She has been his â€Å"child-wife† and his â€Å"doll.† The monologue in which she calmly confronts Torvald serves as one of Ibsen’s finest moments. Some argue that Nora leaves her home purely because she is selfish. She does not want to forgive Torvald. She would rather start another life than try to fix her existing one. Or perhaps she feels that Torvald was right, that she is a child who knows nothing of the world. Since she knows so little about herself or society, she feels that she is an inadequate mother and wife. She leaves the children because she feels it is for their benefit, painful as it may be to her. Nora Helmer’s last words are hopeful, yet her final action is less optimistic. She leaves Torvald explaining that there is a slight chance they could become man and wife once again, but only if a â€Å"miracle of miracles† occurred. This gives Torvald a brief ray of hope. However, Nora exits through the hall door, symbolizing the finality of their relationship. Nora has reached her final breaking point and has evolved from childlike to mature and decisive. A Doll’s House, with its multi-level characters, opens a door onto real problems facing the most common of marriages. Although, Ibsen’s views differed from those held by many modern feminists, he firmly believed that women were inherently suited to being mothers and wives. However, he also felt that a husband and wife should live as equal partners, free to become their own human beings. The play shines a spotlight on problems that few women were willing to talk about. The so called perfect life of Nora Helmer in A Doll’s House highlights the changes from child to adult in a very short time and proves the point that it is never too late to change. Work Cited Ibsen, Henrik. A Doll’s House. Literature: An Introduction to Fiction, Poetry, Drama and Writing. Ed. Kennedy, X.J. and Dana Gioia. 10th ed., New York: Pearson Longman. 2007. 1679-1734. Print

Final Marketing Plan Assignment - 1671 Words

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This entails a detailed analysis of the customers who are most likely to buy your product. Typically, this analysis consists of information related to the purchasing habits of the customers as well as data on the characteristics of consumers such as age, gender, lifestyle, and income. These consumer characteristics will be used to divide, or †segment† the market, allowing for more direct access and further analysis. Company Analysis a) Marketing Objectives All organizations need to have clearly established objectives to guide their actions. Most marketing experts suggest that you should include statements related to your projected market share, sales volume, profit margins and product/service positioning. b) Product and Service Analysis This section of the marketing plan must provide an accurate and specific description of your product or service. 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